The Windows Command Prompt (CMD) is a powerful tool offering a wide array of commands for managing your system. Finding the specific command you need can sometimes feel like searching for a needle in a haystack. This comprehensive guide aims to alleviate that frustration by organizing and explaining a substantial number of CMD commands, categorized for easier navigation. While a truly exhaustive list is impractical due to the sheer volume of commands and their variations, this article strives to cover many of the most frequently used and useful commands, grouped thematically for better understanding. We've categorized them to help you quickly find what you're looking for. Remember that many commands have switches and parameters that modify their behavior; consulting the command's help (e.g., `command /?`) is always recommended for detailed information.
I. File and Directory Management
The foundation of any command-line interaction lies in effectively managing files and directories. Here are some essential commands:
* `dir` (Directory): This fundamental command displays a list of files and subdirectories in the specified directory. Numerous parameters modify its output, such as `/w` (wide listing), `/b` (bare format), `/s` (include subdirectories), `/a` (filter by attributes), etc. `dir /?` reveals all options.
* `cd` (Change Directory): Navigates to a different directory. `cd ..` moves up one level, `cd \` goes to the root directory, and `cd
* `mkdir` (Make Directory): Creates a new directory. For example, `mkdir "My New Folder"` creates a directory named "My New Folder".
* `rmdir` (Remove Directory): Deletes an empty directory. To remove a directory containing files and subdirectories, use the `/s` switch (e.g., `rmdir /s /q "My Directory"`). Use caution with `/s` as it permanently deletes the directory and its contents without confirmation.
* `copy`: Copies files from one location to another. Syntax: `copy source destination`. Supports wildcard characters (`*` and `?`).
* `move`: Moves or renames files and directories. Syntax: `move source destination`.
* `del` (Delete): Deletes files. `del *.txt` deletes all .txt files in the current directory. Use caution; deletion is permanent.
* `ren` (Rename): Renames a file or directory. Syntax: `ren oldname newname`.
* `xcopy`: A more powerful version of `copy`, allowing for mirroring directories, copying only specific files, and more advanced options.
II. System Information and Control
CMD provides commands to gather system information and manage various aspects of the operating system.
* `systeminfo`: Displays detailed information about the operating system, including version, BIOS, hardware, and more.
* `ipconfig`: Displays network configuration information, including IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways. `ipconfig /all` provides a more comprehensive output.
* `ping`: Tests network connectivity by sending ICMP echo requests to a specified host.
* `tracert` (Traceroute): Traces the route packets take to reach a destination host, identifying intermediate routers.
* `netstat`: Displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, etc.
* `tasklist`: Lists currently running processes.
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